Using x-ray diffractometer ( xpd ) and scanning electron microscope ( sem ) , the authors studied the sorts and structures of hydration products and tested their mechanical performance .
Using the scanning electron microscope , edax and x - ray diffractometer , microstructures of the coating are observed , the thickness determined and the phases and elements analyzed .
用扫描电镜、能谱仪和x射线衍射仪对涂层进行显微组织观察、测定涂层厚度、并进行物相和元素分析．
The microstructure of the laser-hardening layer on boron cast iron and exsisting form of boron in the cast iron before and after laser surface hardening were examined by optical microscope , transmission electron and x-ray diffractometer .
