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The harbor consisted of several elements , including massive reinforced concrete caissons , breakwaters , a floating roadway and piers .

这个港口由好几个部分组成，包括巨大的加强混凝土沉箱，防波堤，一条浮道和一些码头。

Prof shibayama says japan should now rebuild its breakwaters and sea walls , while recognising the limits of such physical defences by also moving residential areas further up hills or away from the sea .

柴山知也表示，日本现在应该重建防波堤和海堤，同时承认此类物理防御的局限性，将居民区迁移到更高的山上，或者远离大海。

As the first line of defence , communities built sea walls with tsunami gates for river mouths that could be closed when waves approached , as well as offshore breakwaters and raised river dykes .

作为第一道防线，居民们修建了海堤，并在河口处设立水闸（当海啸靠近时，可以关闭水闸）；另外还修建了离岸堤，并加高了河堤。