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Nowak 's take , however , is less straightforward .

但是nowak的看法就没这么直接了。

They also found letters between nowak and oefelein .

他们还发现了诺瓦克和欧弗兰的通信。

Now nowak is out to do it again , this time by modeling the origin of life .

现在nowak尝试把它再做一遍，而这一次，是为生命的起源建模。

Nowak has been busy working on how to whittle down the emergence of life into the simplest possible chemical system that he can describe mathematically .

nowak一直在忙着思考如何简化生命出现的过程，直至他有可能用数学描述这个最简单的化学系统。

The popular belief was that costly punishment would promote cooperation between two equals , but nowak and his colleagues proved the theory wrong .

人们普遍认为，代价昂贵的惩罚将有助于两个平等个体之间的合作，但nowak和他的同事们却证明了这是不对的。