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Epidurals are now often used during childbirth .

现在分娩时常用硬膜外注射。

20 % Of epidurals are given to women who do not need them

20%的无痛分娩在本不需要的妇女身上实施。

Consequently , doctors began administering epidurals to quiet the pain , and if it persisted they would surgically remove the damaged disc tissue .

最终，医生们开始给病人动硬脊膜外麻醉手术来缓解病痛，如果疼痛仍然不消退的话，他们就会手术去除受损的椎间盘组织。

After taking the mother 's age and education into account , the researchers found that stopping breastfeeding during the six months following childbirth was twice as likely for women who used epidurals compared to those that did not .

考虑到母亲的年龄和受教育程度因素，研究人员发现，应用硬膜外麻醉的妇女在产后6个月内停止母乳喂养的人数是未应用者的两倍。

A widespread " antipathy to childbirth pain " has emerged in the past 20 years and combined with increased patient rights and risk-averse doctors to create a situation where almost all hospitals now offer epidurals on demand , even if that is not in the mother 's or baby 's interests .

对生产痛苦的广泛厌恶始于过去的20年，再加上病人权利的增加和不愿意承担风险的医生，共同造就了现在几乎所有医院都在提供有求必应的无痛分娩，即使对母亲和婴儿不利。